What is metal? - What elements have you seen in nature? Can you tell? The elements in nature are divided into metals, non-metals, and semi-metals. Metals occupy an important place in our daily lives. Metals are more useful for us. Do you know, what is the strongest metal?
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| What is the heaviest metal? |
What is metal?
The hard, shiny, which can be
beaten to make it long or thin, gave tingling sound when knocked and a good
conductor of electricity and heat, is called metal.
The metal is derived from the
Greek word "μÎταλλον" metallon. Which means "mine,
quarry, metal". Most metals are rigid, shiny, and conductive like iron,
copper, cobalt, nickel, etc. Similarly, some metals are also soft, such as aluminum,
silver, etc.
See Also: What is the most reactive nonmetal?
Physical properties of metal
It has a special type of luster,
which is called metal luster. Due to this special luster, metals like gold,
silver, etc. are used in making jewelry.
Metals are hard, but the hardness
of different metals varies. Some metals are harder and some are less hard.
Sodium is an exception in metals which is very soft; it can be easily cut with
a knife. Due to its hardness, iron is used to make bridges, houses, railway
lines, vehicles, etc.
Metals are malleable. Due to this
property, it can be beaten to make it thinner or longer. For example, iron is
used to make the body of cars and other vehicles. Thin metal sheets such as
gold, silver, etc. are used to make jewelry. Gold and silver are the most
malleable metals.
Metals are flexible. This
property is called Ductility. Due to this property, it can be converted into
thin wire. Due to its high ductility of aluminum, copper, etc., it is used to
make electrical wires. Gold is the most Ductile metal.
Metals are conductors of
electricity and heat. As aluminum and copper are good conductors, they are used
to make electrical wires and cooking utensils. Tungsten and Bismuth are poor
conductors of electricity
When it is tapped, it makes a
special sound, which is like a bell. Due to this property, it’s used in making
bells, musical strings, etc. This property is called the resonance of metals.
The metal is solid at normal
temperatures. Mercury is the only metal that remains in a liquid state at
normal temperatures.
The melting and boiling point of
the metal is very high. But the melting point of Gallium and Cesium metal is
very low; the melting point of Gallium and cesium is so low that when held in
hand they melt by the temperature of the palm.
Chemical Properties of metals
Burning of the metal into the air creates the corresponding metal oxide.
Metal + Oxygen → Metal Oxide
Most metals exhibit this
property, that when it is ignited in air, the metal reacts with oxygen and form
the corresponding metal oxide.
Examples:
What happens when sodium is burnt in the air?
Ans: When sodium is heated in
air, sodium immediately ignites with an orange flame and forms a mixture of
sodium oxide and sodium peroxide.
2Na + O2
® Na2O2
Sodium Oxygen Sodium
peroxide
4Na + O2
® 2Na2O2
Sodium Oxygen Sodium
peroxide
What happens when Lithium is lit in the air?
Ans: When lithium is heated or
lit in air, lithium immediately ignites with a red-tinted flame and gives
lithium oxide.
4Li + O2 ® 2Li2O
Lithium
Oxygen Lithium
oxide
What happens when potassium is burnt in the air?
Ans: When potassium is burned in
the air, it forms potassium peroxide and potassium superoxide.
2K + O2 ® K2O2
Potassium oxygen Potassium
peroxide
K + O2 ® KO2
Potassium oxygen Potassium
super oxide
What happens when magnesium is burnt in the air?
Ans: When magnesium metal is
ignited in the air, it burns with dazzling light and forms magnesium oxide.
2Mg + O2 ® 2MgO
Magnesium Oxygen Magnesium
oxide
What happens when aluminum is burnt in the air?
Ans: When aluminum is burned in
the air, it forms aluminum oxide.
4Al + O2 ® 2Al2O2
Aluminum Oxygen Aluminum
Oxide
What happens when zinc is burnt in the air?
Ans: When zinc is burned or
heated in air, the zinc vapor begins to form which is zinc oxide, the layer of
which is mounted on the zinc.
2Zn + O2 ® 2ZnO
Zinc Oxygen Zinc
Oxide
What happens when the lead is lit in the air?
Ans: When the lead is lit or
heated in air, it forms a lead oxide, a thin layer of which rises above the
lead.
2Pb + O2 ® 2PbO
Lead Oxygen Lead
Oxide
What happens when copper is burnt in the air?
Ans: When copper is burnt in the
air, (copper (II) oxide) is formed, whose thin layer solidifies on the copper
surface.
2Cu + O2 ® 2CuO
Copper Oxygen Copper
Oxide
What happens when a metal reacts with water?
The metal reacts with water to
form the associated metal oxide and hydrogen gas.
Metal + Water®Metal Oxide + Hydrogen Gas
Water-soluble metal oxides
dissolve in water to form the corresponding hydroxide and hydrogen gases.
Metal Oxide + Water ® Metal Hydroxide +
Hydrogen Gas
Examples:
The reaction of sodium with water:
Sodium reacts with water to make
sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Sodium reacts very rapidly with water, this
reaction is so fast and it emits so much heat that the hydrogen gas produced in
it immediately catches fire.
2Na(s) + 2H2O
(l) ® 2NaOH
(aq) + H2(g)
Sodium Water Sodium hydroxide Hydrogen Gas
The reaction of sodium with water
is highly exothermic.
The reaction of potassium with water:
Potassium reacts with water to
make potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
2K(s) + 2H2O
(l) ® 2KOH
(aq) + H2(g)
Potassium Water Potassium
hydroxide Hydrogen Gas
Potassium also reacts very rapidly
with water, just like sodium. In this reaction, the hydrogen gas released
quickly catches fire. The reaction between Potassium and water is highly
exothermic.
The reaction of Calcium with water:
Calcium metal reacts with water
to form calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
2Ca(s) + 2H2O(l)
®
2CaOH(aq) + H2(g)
Calcium Water Calcium hydroxide Hydrogen
Gas
The hydrogen gas formed in order
of reaction between calcium and water sticks to the surface of calcium, causing
calcium fragments to float on the surface of the water.
The reaction of calcium with
water is highly exothermic, but no heat is released in this reaction, which can
ignite the hydrogen gas released in this reaction.
The reaction of magnesium with water:
Magnesium does not react with
cold water. But magnesium reacts with hot water and makes magnesium hydroxide
and hydrogen gas.
2Mg(s) + 2H2O(l)
®
2MaOH(aq) + H2(g)
Magnesium Water Magnesium
hydroxide Hydrogen Gas
The hydrogen gas formed in order
of reaction between the magnesium and hot water sticks to the surface of the
magnesium, causing the magnesium to float on the surface of the water.
The reaction of aluminum with water:
Aluminum reacts with water vapor
and forms aluminum oxide and hydrogen gas.
2Al(s) + 3H2O
(g) ® 2Al2O3(s) + 3H2(g)
Aluminum Water Aluminum
oxide Hydrogen Gas
Aluminum metal does not react
with cold or hot water.
The reaction of zinc metal with water:
Zinc reacts with water vapor and
forms zinc oxide and hydrogen gas.
2Zn(s) + H2O
(g) ® ZnO(s) + H2 (g)
Zinc Water Zinc oxide Hydrogen Gas
Zinc metal does not react with
cold or hot water.
The reaction of iron metal with water:
Iron reacts with water vapor and
produces iron oxide and hydrogen gas.
2Fe(s) + 4H2O
(g) ® Fe3O4(s) +
4H2 (g)
Iron Water Iron oxide Hydrogen Gas
The reaction of metals with acids
What happens when a metal reacts with an acid?
The metal reacts with the acid
and forms the corresponding salts and hydrogen gases.
Metal + dilute acid → salts +
hydrogen
But not all metals react in the same
way with acids and they do not form salt and hydrogen gas. For example, copper
does not react with dilute acid.
The reaction between sodium and dilute acid
The reaction between Sodium and dilute hydrochloric acid
Sodium metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric
acid and makes sodium chloride and hydrogen gas.
Na + HCL ® NaCl + H2
Sodium Hydrochloric acid Sodium
chloride Hydrogen gas
The reaction between Sodium and Dilute Sulfuric Acid
Sodium reacts with dilute
sulfuric acid and forms sodium sulfate and hydrogen gas.
Na + H2SO4 ® Na2SO4 + H2
Sodium Sulfuric acid Sodium
sulfate Hydrogen gas
The reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and potassium
Potassium reacts with dilute
hydrochloric acid and makes potassium chloride and hydrogen gas.
2K + 2HCL ® 2KCl
+ H2
Potassium Hydrochloric acid Potassium
chloride Hydrogen gas
The reaction between potassium and Dilute Sulfuric Acid
Potassium reacts with dilute
sulfuric acid and forms potassium sulfate and hydrogen gas.
2K + H2SO4 ® K2SO4 + H2
Potassium Sulfuric acid Potassium
sulfate Hydrogen gas
Sodium and potassium react very
rapidly with dilute acids. These reactions are highly exothermic, so they are
not performed in ordinary laboratories. There may be a chance of an accident in
these reactions.
The reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and magnesium
Magnesium reacts with dilute
hydrochloric acid and makes magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.
Mg + 2HCL ® MgCl2
+ H2
Magnesium Hydrochloric acid Magnesium
chloride Hydrogen gas
The reaction between magnesium and Dilute Sulfuric Acid
Magnesium reacts with dilute
sulfuric acid and forms magnesium sulfate and hydrogen gas.
Mg + H2SO4 ® Mg2SO4 + H2
Magnesium Sulfuric acid Magnesium
sulfate Hydrogen gas
The reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and Aluminum
Aluminum reacts with dilute
hydrochloric acid and makes Aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas.
2Al + 6HCL ® 2 AlCl3
+ 3H2
Aluminum Hydrochloric acid Aluminum
chloride Hydrogen gas
The reaction between Aluminum and Dilute Sulfuric Acid
Aluminum reacts with dilute
sulfuric acid and forms Aluminum sulfate and hydrogen gas.
2Al + 3H2SO4 ® Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Aluminum Sulfuric acid Aluminum
sulfate Hydrogen gas
The reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and zinc
Zinc reacts with dilute
hydrochloric acid and makes Zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.
Zn + 2HCL ® ZnCl2
+ H2
Zinc Hydrochloric
acid Zinc chloride Hydrogen
gas
The reaction between Zinc and Dilute Sulfuric Acid
Zinc reacts with dilute sulfuric
acid and forms Zinc sulfate and hydrogen gas.
Zn + H2SO4 ® Zn2SO4 + H2
Zinc Sulfuric acid Zinc
sulfate Hydrogen
gas
The reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and Iron
Iron reacts with dilute
hydrochloric acid and makes Iron (II) chloride and hydrogen gas.
Fe + 2HCL ® FeCl2
+ H2
Iron Hydrochloric
acid Iron chloride Hydrogen gas
The reaction between Iron and Dilute Sulfuric Acid
Iron reacts with dilute sulfuric
acid and forms Iron sulfate and hydrogen gas.
Fe + H2SO4 ® Fe2SO4 + H2
Iron Sulfuric acid Iron
sulfate Hydrogen
gas
The reaction of Metals with Nitric Acid
Metals react differently with
nitric acid. Nitric acid, which is a fast oxidizing agent, oxidizes the
hydrogen in water that formed in order of reaction with the metal, and The
nitric acid itself is reduced into [N2O (Nitrous oxide), NO (Nitric oxide) or NO2
(Nitrogen dioxide)] an oxide of nitrogen.
But magnesium and manganese react
with nitric acid and form the respective salts and hydrogen gases.
The reaction between Magnesium and dilute nitric acid
Magnesium reacts with dilute
nitric acid and forms magnesium nitrate and hydrogen gas.
Mg + 2HNO3 ® Mg (NO3)2 + H2
Magnesium Nitric acid Magnesium
nitrate Hydrogen gas
The reaction between Manganese and dilute nitric acid
Manganese reacts with dilute
nitric acid and forms manganese nitrate and hydrogen gas.
Mn + 2HNO3 ® Mn (NO3)2 + H2
Manganese Nitric acid Manganese
nitrate Hydrogen
gas
The reaction between Zinc and
dilute nitric acid
Zinc reacts with dilute nitric
acid and forms Zinc nitrate and hydrogen gas.
Zn + 2HNO3 ® Zn (NO3)2 + H2
Zinc Nitric acid Zinc
nitrate Hydrogen gas
The reaction between Copper and Concentrated Nitric Acid
Copper reacts with Concentrated
Nitric Acid and forms copper nitrate, water and nitrogen dioxide gas.
Cu + 4HNO3 ® Cu (NO3)2 +
2H2O + 2NO2
Copper Nitric acid Copper
nitrate Water Nitrogen gas
Zinc and aluminum do not react
with the Concentrated Nitric Acid. Because as soon as the reaction begins, a thick layer of oxide of zinc and aluminum is added to its upper surface, which
immediately stops the further reaction.
How does one metal react with the salts of other metals?
When a more reactive metal reacts
with a salt solution of less reactive metal, the more reactive metal displaces
the less reactive metal from its salt.
For example,
Fe(s) + CuSO4 (aq)
® Fe2SO4 (aq) + Cu(s)
Iron Copper sulfate Ferrous
sulfate Cooper
Zn(s) + CuSO4 (aq)
® ZnSO4 (aq) +
Cu(s)
Zinc Copper sulfate Zinc
sulfate Cooper
How does one metal react with other non-metals?
One metal reacts with another
nonmetal to form the corresponding material. An atom reacts with another atom
due to the current valence electrons in it.
What do you mean by rusting of iron?
Iron reacts very slowly with the
moisture present in the cold water or air and forms iron oxide, the layer of
which solidifies above the surface of the iron and slowly converts the whole of
the iron into iron oxide. The process of coating iron oxide on the surface of
iron or its alloys is called rusting or corrosion.
What is the formula of iron rust?
Iron rust is clearly a hydrated
form of iron (III) oxide. Its formula is approximate Fe2O3
• 32H2O, here almost means the amount of water in it is variable.
How can you prevent rusting?
Anti-corrosion metal coating is
applied to prevent rusting. This process is called Galvanization. Steel is a
form of iron, it does not rust. Iron can also be protected from corrosion by
applying steel coating.
What is the heaviest metal?
Osmium is considered the heaviest
metal in the world. It is the highest density metal found in raw platinum. Its
symbol is ‘Os’ and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle,
blue-white transition metal in the platinum group found as a trace element in
alloys. Being poisonous, it is used only after mixing other metals.
In the last
In this post, we have answered
various questions about metals, such as "What is metal?",
"What is the heaviest metal?" Also, information is given about
the physical and chemical properties of the metal and various chemical
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